Sea frogs for Olympus TG-6 195FT/60M Underwater Camera Waterproof Diving housing (Housing + Red Filter)

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In many arboreal frogs, a small "intercalary structure" on each toe increases the surface area touching the substrate. Furthermore, many arboreal frogs have hip joints that allow both hopping and walking. Some frogs that live high in trees even possess an elaborate degree of webbing between their toes. This allows the frogs to "parachute" or make a controlled glide from one position in the canopy to another. [54] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). " {{{1}}} biocellatus " in FishBase. Sep 2009 version.

During the evolutionary history of frogs, several different groups have independently taken to the air. [124] Some frogs in the tropical rainforest are specially adapted for gliding from tree to tree or parachuting to the forest floor. Typical of them is Wallace's flying frog ( Rhacophorus nigropalmatus) from Malaysia and Borneo. It has large feet with the fingertips expanded into flat adhesive discs and the digits fully webbed. Flaps of skin occur on the lateral margins of the limbs and across the tail region. With the digits splayed, the limbs outstretched, and these flaps spread, it can glide considerable distances, but is unable to undertake powered flight. [125] It can alter its direction of travel and navigate distances of up to 15m (50ft) between trees. [126] Life history Life cycle of the green frog AmphibiaWeb (2018) http://amphibiaweb.org. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Accessed 11 Sep 2018.Köhler, Sonja (2003). "Mechanisms for partial reproductive isolation in a Bombina hybrid zone in Romania" (PDF). Dissertation for thesis. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09 . Retrieved 5 Jun 2012. Federle, W.; Barnes, W. J. P.; Baumgartner, W.; Drechsler, P.; Smith, J. M. (2006). "Wet but not slippery: boundary friction in tree frog adhesive toe pads". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 3 (10): 689–697. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0135. PMC 1664653. PMID 16971337. Duellman, W. E. and L. Trueb (1986). Biology of Amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

The eyes of most frogs are located on either side of the head near the top and project outwards as hemispherical bulges. They provide binocular vision over a field of 100° to the front and a total visual field of almost 360°. [80] They may be the only part of an otherwise submerged frog to protrude from the water. Each eye has closable upper and lower lids and a nictitating membrane which provides further protection, especially when the frog is swimming. [81] Members of the aquatic family Pipidae have the eyes located at the top of the head, a position better suited for detecting prey in the water above. [80] The irises come in a range of colours and the pupils in a range of shapes. The common toad ( Bufo bufo) has golden irises and horizontal slit-like pupils, the red-eyed tree frog ( Agalychnis callidryas) has vertical slit pupils, the poison dart frog has dark irises, the fire-bellied toad ( Bombina spp.) has triangular pupils and the tomato frog ( Dyscophus spp.) has circular ones. The irises of the southern toad ( Anaxyrus terrestris) are patterned so as to blend in with the surrounding camouflaged skin. [81]

SeaFrogs 60M/195FT Waterproof housing for Sony A6xxx series Salted Line (Orange) / GEN 3

Evans, S. E.; Jones, M. E. H.; Krause, D. W. (2008). "A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (8): 2951–2956. Bibcode: 2008PNAS..105.2951E. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707599105. PMC 2268566. PMID 18287076.

Astley, H. C.; Roberts, T. J. (2011). "Evidence for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the plantaris tendon during frog jumping". Biology Letters. 8 (3): 386–389. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0982. PMC 3367733. PMID 22090204. Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2007). "Fossils, molecules, divergence times, and the origin of lissamphibians". Systematic Biology. 56 (3): 369–388. doi: 10.1080/10635150701397635. PMID 17520502.a b Howard, Ian P.; Rogers, Brian J. (1995). Binocular Vision and Stereopsis. Oxford University Press. p.651. ISBN 978-0195084764.